colonization

International collaboration can cause African universities to become more dependent on the North. But they can also have the opposite effect: they can empower African researchers and help them to become more independent.

Despite hundreds of years of violent colonial relations with Portugal, these nations all adopted Portuguese as their official language and collaborate with Brazil, Portugal, and East Timor to make up the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLC). The CPLC aims to foster diplomacy and political cooperation among member states and to promote the Portuguese language.