Abstract
Over the last two decades, China has a strong interest in pursuing a smart power strategy toward the world and has worked hardly to engage with regional countries economically, politically, and socially. Along this line, the academic research on Chinese Dream, soft power aspirations, and public and cultural diplomacy into the ideological and political education of school students has become a hot spot. The question of how the Chinese Government has deployed its soft power in the past and the present (also known as the Chinese Dream in this study) through the use of music in national community education in China will be investigated in this chapter. This chapter will demonstrate how select songs are used to examine soft power, improve national communication capabilities, and undertake domestic purposes to achieve three goals, including the cultivation of cultural diplomacy through traditional Chinese culture, the development of cultural diplomacy, and the fulfillment of the Chinese Dream, soft power, and public and cultural diplomacy in China’s education.
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Notes
- 1.
The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta (both were powerful Greek city-states) and their respective allies in the Greco-Persian Wars between 499 and 449 B.C. Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War is divided into eight books that cover only 21 of the 27 years of the Peloponnesian war. Thucydides observed that the strategic interaction of states followed a discernible and recurrent pattern. Thucydides died before the History could be completed. Despite the incomplete work, Thucydides is often cited as the father of realism in international relations.
- 2.
For example, the Institute of Education (IOE) Confucius Classrooms of the University College London are mainstream schools across England. Currently, there are 45 IOE Confucius Classrooms for state-funded and independent schools targeted at different levels of students, ranging from 4-year-old kindergarten children to 18-year-old college students. For details, see the homepage of the IOE Confucius Classrooms at: https://ciforschools.wordpress.com/about-us/confucius-classroom
- 3.
Hanban is a colloquial abbreviation for the Chinese National Office for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (NOTCFL). It is a non-government institution, but the executive organ is affiliated with China’s Ministry of Education. It is most notable for the Confucius Institute program, which facilitates Chinese language promotion and Chinese cultural transmission around the world.
- 4.
The company as a residential real estate company was founded in Dalian, Liaoning, by Wang Jianlin in 1988. It was incorporated in 1992 as one of the first shareholding companies in Mainland China after China’s economic reform. Presently, the company operates in four main key areas: commercial properties, culture and tourism, e-commerce, and department stores.
- 5.
Legendary Entertainment, the maker of Batman Begins, Superman Returns, Man of Steel, Godzilla, and Jurassic World, is a leading global media and entertainment company.
- 6.
China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), launched in 1988, is a key national information construction project of an electronic platform under the lead of Tsinghua University , Beijing. It is supported by China’s Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science, the General Administration of Press and Publication, and the Propaganda Department of the Community Part of China. Consequently, it is the most authoritative, comprehensive, and largest digital collection of Chinese-language journal articles of the latest developments in Chinese politics , economics, humanities and social sciences, science, and technology.
- 7.
For a vast collection of Chinese propaganda posters since the establishment of the Chinese Communists in 1949 through the Great Leap Forward (a social and economic movement under Mao Zedong ), the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1967–1976), the 1978 Open Door Policy , and the new Chinese era of the China Dream, see the following websites: http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/chnintro.php; http://chineseposters.net/; and http://www.iisg.nl/landsberger
- 8.
The Chinese authorities produced many official posters to mobilize and convey the wish of Chinese people to join the world. The posters were featured in a series of “theme posters” (three posters), “people’s posters” (three posters), and “sports posters” (ten posters). A series of 16 posters for the Paralympics were also published. A series of posters was also published to promote Olympic security in early 2008. For the official website of the posters, see: http://chineseposters.net/themes/beijing-olympics-official.php
- 9.
This poster can be viewed in The Economist (December 20, 2014). The art is red. Retrieved September 28, 2017, from: http://www.economist.com/news/china/21636783-propaganda-art-enjoying-new-lease-life-art-red
- 10.
Yi Qing is the pen name of Xie Liuqing, who is an editor of “The World of Chinese” (a bimonthly English magazine and Web portal dedicated to the Chinese language and culture). He is also the head of Salon Famous Blog of China, which is under the registration of the Ministry of Propaganda’s official website.
- 11.
This promotional video can be viewed at http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNjU1MTMzMTk2.html.
- 12.
Mount Taishan (Tai Shan in Chinese), with its main peak reaching about 1545 m above sea level, is located in East China’s Shandong Province. It is known as the most famous sacred mountain of China. In ancient China, the first thing a Chinese emperor must do on ascending to the throne was to climb Mount Tai and say a prayer to Heaven and Earth or his ancestors.
- 13.
This song can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GplmPjMuvkk.
- 14.
The music video can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m91zBt94Ll0.
- 15.
The music video can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhU8C5RCbBs.
- 16.
The music video, with English subtitles, can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8v8ZeTKaAA.
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Ho, WC. (2018). Power, Public Diplomacy, and Cultural Diplomacy in China’s Education: From Soft Power to the Chinese Dream. In: Culture, Music Education, and the Chinese Dream in Mainland China. Cultural Studies and Transdisciplinarity in Education, vol 7. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7533-9_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7533-9_3
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