Mahmoud JAVADI is a postgraduate researcher at the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence, Italy. Before joining the EUI, he worked with various research think tanks, where he produced policy papers and briefs on European foreign, security and defense policies in the Middle East. His most recent experience includes conducting research on the Middle East at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Mahmoud’s research focuses on EU grand strategy and European powers’ Middle East policies.