hard power

November 20, 2025

 Legitimacy, not pressure, must return to the center of global diplomacy.

Chess board image by jcomp via freepik.com

Two scholars dive deep into countries' relational power by analyzing such dynamics as power mutuality and power discrepancy.

Turkey's hard power strategies illustrate how soft power is vulnerable to reputation, writes CPD Contributing Scholar Senem Çevik. 

Does "sharp power" fall under the ranks of hard power or soft power, or is it just an "unsmart" mix? 

A Center for American Progress (CAP) report assesses how U.S. policy overlooks Iranian soft power influence in the Middle East. 

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